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Objective:To investigate the protective effect of liriodendrin on acute myocardial infarction in rats and to explore the related mechanisms.Methods:From January to December 2019, 30 SPF male Wistar rats with a body weight of(200±10)g were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a control group, and a liriodendringroupwith 10 rats in each group using the numerical sampling method.The liriodendron group was intragastrically administered with a liriodendrinsolution(10 ml/kg)once a day from 5 days before myocardial infarction model construction to 3 days after surgery.The control group and the sham surgery group were intragastrically administered with 10 ml/kg normal saline.After surgery, high-sensitivity troponin T levels were measured in the three groups.Cardiac function of the rats was assessed using echocardiography on the 3rd day post-surgery.Then, the rats were sacrificed, followed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)staining of cardiac tissues and measurement of interleukin(IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)levels.Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins and transcriptional activity.Results:High-sensitivity troponin T levels in the liriodendrin group[(1.74±0.63)μg/L]were lower than in the myocardial infarction group[(3.54±1.60)μg/L]at 2 hours after surgery( t=2.69, P<0.05). Echocardiography showed that, compared with the myocardial infarction group, the ejection fraction was higher in the liriodendrin group, and the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic volume and left ventricular end-systolic volume were lower in the liriodendrin group( P<0.05). Histological staining showed that the myocardial tissue of the control group was severely damaged, with infiltration of a large number of in flammatory cells.The number of TUNEL-positive cells in the liriodendrin group(56.66±2.414)was statistically significantly reduced, compared with in the myocardial infarction group(76.55±1.843)( t=6.55, P<0.05). The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the myocardial infarction group were higher than those in the liriodendrin group( P<0.05). The expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the liriodendrin group was lower( P<0.05)and the transcriptional activity of mRNA was also lower( P<0.05)than in the myocardial infarction group. Conclusions:Liriodendrin may protect cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction in rats by inhibiting local inflammation and cell apoptosis.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule and illuminate its substance foundation. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by LPLC and preparative HPLC from the 30% ethanol fraction of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule macroporous resin column chromatography. Their chemical structures were elucidated by the spectral analyses. Results: 18 compounds were isolated and identified as forsythoside A (1), forsythoside I (2), forsythoside H (3), lugrandoside (4), isolugrandoside (5), ferruginoside A (6), lianqiaoxinoside C (7), calceolarioside C (8), forsythoside E (9), ferruginoside B (10), D-amygdaloside (11), L-amygdaloside (12), sambunigrin (13), cornoside (14), 4-hydroxy-4-methylenecarbomethoxy-cyclohexa- 2,5-dienone (15), liriodendrin (16), liquiritigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17), and 3,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde (18). Conclusion: Compounds 2-8, 10, and 13-18 are isolated from Lianhua Qingwen Capsule for the first time, and compounds 4-6, 10, 15, and 16 are isolated from single herb in Lianhua Qingwen Capsule compound for the first time. The spectral data in DMSO-d6 solution of compound 8 are reported firstly with 2D NMR spectral data. The above results show the high polar chemical constitutions of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule, which provides more chemical information of Lianhua Qingwen Capsule.
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Objective: To explore the therapeutic effects of different extracts of Eucommia ulmoides on Parkinson’s disease mice, as well as the relationship between ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) fingerprint and treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Methods Through the mouse climbing test and the content of dopamine (DA) in the striatum of the brain, the therapeutic effect of different gradient ethanol extracts of E. ulmoides on Parkinson’s disease mice was observed. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was used to analyze the fingerprints of different extracts of E. ulmoides. Combined with the results of climbing rod test and dopamine content, partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was used to establish the pharmacodynamic relationship between E. ulmoides and Parkinson’s disease. Results The 50% and 75% ethanol extracts of E. ulmoides could significantly shorten the climbing time. The 75% ethanol extract of E. ulmoides significantly increased the striatum dopamine content in the brain. The results of PLSR analysis showed that ulmoside, liriodendrin, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, caffeic acid in E. ulmoides were closely related to climbing rod and dopamine content of mice. Conclusion The ethanol extract of E. ulmoides has anti-Parkinson’s disease effect, and the effect is most significant with 75% alcohol extract. The compounds of ulmoside, liriodendrin, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, caffeic acid may be the main active ingredients of E. ulmoides in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
ABSTRACT
In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activities on gastritis and gastric ulcer using liriodendrin which is a constituent isolated from Kalopanax pictus. To elucidate its abilities to prevent gastric injury, we measured the quantity of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as the protective factor, and we assessed inhibition of activities related to excessive gastric acid be notorious for aggressive factor and inhibition of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization known as a cause of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. Liriodendrin exhibited higher PGE2 level than rebamipide used as a positive control group at the dose of 500 microM. It was also exhibited acid-neutralizing capacity (10.3%) and H+/K+-ATPase inhibition of 42.6% (500 microM). In pylorus-ligated rats, liriodendrin showed lower volume of gastric juice (4.38 +/- 2.14 ml), slightly higher pH (1.53 +/- 0.41), and smaller total acid output (0.47 +/- 0.3 mEq/4 hrs) than the control group. Furthermore liriodendrin inhibited colonization of H. pylori effectively. In vivo test, liriodendrin significantly inhibited both of HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis (46.9 %) and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer (46.1%). From these results, we suggest that liriodendrin could be utilized for the treatment and/or protection of gastritis and gastric ulcer.